内蒙古西部库布齐沙漠北缘沙漠化特征讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁霞  杨勇  公王斌  叶培盛 《地质论评》2015,61(4):873-882

磴口—乌拉特前旗一带,库布齐沙漠北缘前锋带被黄河严格地限制在河道南岸,即向北弧形突出的河道基本上是库布齐沙漠西段的北部边界。库布齐沙漠自19 ka前开始发育,7 ka以来在出现了横贯东西的沙漠覆盖之后,其北缘一直在向北扩展。作者通过历史文献记录、遥感影像解译,结合沉积特征与地貌演变等相关资料的分析,认为库布齐沙漠北缘由南向北不断前行,迫使磴口—乌拉特前旗段最初近东西向延伸的黄河河道向北弧形突出,并导致库布齐沙漠北缘前锋带被严格地限制在黄河南岸展布。库布齐沙漠北缘的持续向北推进,将对位于黄河北岸的河套盆地内大片湿地及农田生态环境安全产生严重的威胁。  相似文献   

早全新世季风演化的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录研究--以河南老母洞石笋为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张银环  杨琰  杨勋林  殷建军  黄帆  任小凤  赵景耀  刘肖  聂旭东 《沉积学报》2015,33(1):134-141

基于豫西老母洞LM2石笋8个高精度230Th年龄,449个氧碳同位素,建立了达十年际分辨率的8.2~10.9 ka B.P.亚洲季风变化的δ18O记录序列.老母洞石笋δ18O值最为偏负达-12.0‰,最偏正为-8.2‰,振幅达3.8‰.早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段内,河南西部老母洞石笋和东石崖石笋,陕西九仙洞C996-2石笋δ18O曲线揭示该时段内季风稳定,而中国南方的衙门洞石笋、三宝洞石笋和极地冰芯GRIP记录揭示该时段季风逐渐增强;同时季风达到顶峰的时期也不相同,进一步说明中国南北方早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段季风演变过程的差异,可能与中国南北方气候的响应机制有关.从早全新世平均分辨率10年的LM2石笋记录中识别出8.2 ka,9.5 ka,10.2 ka和10.9 ka显著弱季风事件,尤其是8.2 ka和9.5 ka事件.对比分析老母洞与已发表的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录发现:石笋所揭示的某些冷事件发生时间在亚洲季风区存在差异,主要表现在事件内部变化特征及趋势上.LM2石笋δ18O曲线并没有明显记录9.3 ka弱季风事件,而是在9.3~9.6 ka B.P.左右记录了一个弱季风事件,与DSY09(2009)、Y1、HS-4记录相似,表明在该时段内存在季风的减弱事件,但是氧同位素传输的复杂性,使其在南北方表现不同.此外,在LM2石笋δ18O的8.2 ka B.P.开始时段,氧同位素曲线阶段性下降,且变幅达3‰,与Zhang等研究万象洞石笋提出的“中国8 200阶段”吻合,表明中国北方地区的8.2 ka事件是阶段性的事件,而南方的石笋氧同位素记录揭示的8.2 ka事件并未表现出阶段性特征,其原因有待于更多北方高精度石笋记录来进一步研究.LM2石笋氧同位素记录进行功率谱分析发现:在短尺度上季风变化与太阳活动密切相关,这与近年来对早全新世极端气候变化研究的驱动机制是一致的,早全新世亚洲季风的演化与太阳活动变化引起的太阳辐射能量的变化和北半球高纬气候的变化状况有关.  相似文献   

华北燕山东段下马岭组黑色岩系元素地球化学组成——对其沉积作用的约束     

陈超  魏文通  修迪  张运强  刘增校  代堰锫  朱玉娣  陈海燕 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(5):685-696

华北地区燕山东段下马岭组地层中发育一套黑色岩系,本文测定了该岩系代表性岩石的地球化学组成。主微量元素分析结果显示,样品主量元素含量变化较大(如SiO2=53.00%~78.83%,Al2O3=1.20%~17.57%);PAAS标准化稀土配分型式为重稀土富集型,具Ce负异常,与现代海水配分型式一致。样品具有较高的Al2O3+TiO2含量(1.31%~18.48%),其U含量(平均3.95×10-6)、Th/Sc值(0.97~1.26)、Th/U值(平均3.50)、球粒陨石标准化稀土配分型式及大陆地壳标准化微量元素蛛网图表明黑色岩系沉积过程中有较多陆源碎屑物质的加入。黑色岩系Ba/Sr值(9.28~22.79)、Co/Zn值(0.01~0.29)及相关图解显示其沉积过程明显受到海底热液作用的影响,但原始溶液中热液组分含量不足0.1%。主微量元素比值、Ce/Ce*PAAS值(0.82~0.93)及构造背景判别图解表明黑色岩系可能沉积于大陆岛弧背景下的深水缺氧环境。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of CO2, CH4 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil gas from the Vicano–Cimino hydrothermal system (central Italy)     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

We investigated the effect of microbial activity on the chemistry of hydrothermal fluids related to the Vicano–Cimino system, central Italy. The database included the composition and δ¹³C CO₂ and δ¹³C CH₄ values for soil gas from an area characterized by intense degassing of fluids having a deep origin. The δ¹³C CH₄ values along vertical profiles in the soil indicated that CH₄ was controlled by microbial oxidation occurring at shallow (< 50 cm) depth, where free O₂ was available. This was consistent with the vertical gradients of CH₄, H₂S and O₂ concentrations. The δ¹³C CO₂ values in soil gas, characterized by a composition similar to that of the hydrothermal fluids, were not significantly influenced by biodegradation. On the contrary, gas strongly affected by air contamination showed a significant δ¹³C CO₂ fractionation. Microbial activity caused strong consumption of hydrothermal alkanes, alkenes, cyclics and hydrogenated halocarbons, whereas benzene was recalcitrant. Oxygenated compounds from hydrocarbon degradation consisted of alcohols, with minor aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. A predominance of alcohols at a high rate of degassing flux, corresponding to a short residence time of hydrothermal gas within the soil, indicated incomplete oxidation. N-bearing compounds were likely produced by humic substances in the soil and/or related to contamination by pesticides, whereas α-pinene traced air entering the soil. The study demonstrates that microbial communities in the soil play an important role for mitigating the release to the atmosphere of C-bearing gases, especially CH₄, through diffuse soil degassing, a mechanism that in central Italy significantly contributes to the discharge of CO₂-rich gas from deep sources.  相似文献   

渭河盆地现今地壳水平形变特征及区域构造活动性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

瞿伟  张勤  王庆良  李振洪 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(7):830-834

根据渭河盆地地质构造的特点,建立了二维有限元模型,并基于渭河盆地2001~2007年GPS观测成果,数值模拟获得了渭河盆地现今地壳应力应变场特征,结合区域近期地震活动性特点,探讨了地壳形变特征与地震活动性的关系。结果表明,渭河盆地现今构造应力场仍以NNW-SSE向拉张应力为主;盆地最大剪应变率高值区与盆地现代小地震条带有很好的空间对应关系;泾阳-咸阳-西安-临潼-三原地区属于渭河盆地内地壳薄弱带,易于盆地伸展和地震孕育。  相似文献   

Evolution of vegetation activity on vegetated,eroded, and erosion risk areas in the central Spanish Pyrenees,using multitemporal Landsat imagery     

L.C. Alatorre  S. Beguería  S. Vicente‐Serrano 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(3):309-319

The temporal evolution of vegetation activity on various land cover classes in the Spanish Pyrenees was analyzed. Two time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used, corresponding to March (early spring) and August (the end of summer). The series were generated from Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ images for the period 1984–2007. An increase in the NDVI in March was found for vegetated areas, and the opposite trend was found in both March and August for degraded areas (badlands and erosion risk areas). The rise in minimum temperature and the time variation of the cloud cover during the study period appears to be the most important factors explaining increased NDVI in the vegetated areas. In degraded areas, no climatic or topographic variable was associated with the negative NDVI trend, which may be related to erosion processes taking place in these regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1902年阿图什81/4级地震前后地震活动特征     

高国英  聂晓红  夏爱国 《内陆地震》2011,25(2):120-128

分析了1902年8月22日新疆阿图什81/4级大震的序列及大震前后地震活动时空演化特征.  相似文献   

山东东部及近海地区中等以上震例前地震活动性参数群体异常研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冀东普  郑建常  李冬梅  王鹏 《华北地震科学》2011,29(3):28-33

对1975年以来山东东部及近海地区16次ML≥4.7级地震前的地震学参数群体异常进行了研究.回顾性检验表明,地震活动性单项参数中,反映地震强度、频度及与强度、频度有关的地震参数异常在本区的中强地震预测中较为有效.参数的时程曲线中Et、QP和η值一般表现为低值或由高值转为下降异常形态,其余参量多数显示为高值异常.在20余...  相似文献   

An exploratory study on the use of enzyme activities as sediment tracers: biochemical fingerprints?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kazem NOSRATI  Gerard GOVERS  Hassan AHMADI  Forood SHARIFI  Mohammad Ali AMOOZEGAR  Roel MERCKX  Matthias VANMAERCKE 《国际泥沙研究》2011,26(2):136-151

Little information exists on the potential of soil enzyme activities,which are sensitive to soil properties and management,for the characterization of sediment sources at the catchment scale.The objective of this study is to explore and evaluate enzyme activity as tracer for sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment(55 km~2),Iran.Therefore,four enzymes were measured from 42 different sampling sites,covering three sediment source areas(rangeland/surface erosion,orchard/surface erosion,and streambank erosion),as well as from 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams (sediment sinks).The results indicate that,based upon backward mode discriminant analysis,βglucosidase and dehydrogenase,allowed more than 95%of the samples to be correctly assigned to their source areas.These enzymes were selected as input data for a mixing-model to determine the relative contribution of the sampled sediment sources.The mean contributions from rangeland, orchard and streambank sources in the study area were estimated as 11.3%,15.1%and 73.7%, respectively.Using geochemical tracers,the mean contribution from rangeland,orchard and streambank sources was estimated as 14.1%,9.5%and 74.8%,respectively.Combined biochemical and geochemical tracers,similar values were obtained(18.7%,10.7%and 70.7%,respectively).Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity allows for a good characterization of sediment sources,and can provide a complementary tool to currently existing sediment fingerprinting approaches.However, the method should be also tested in other regions.  相似文献   

中国东北地区地壳、上地幔速度结构及其对矿产能源形成的控制作用   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

田有  刘财  冯晅 《地球物理学报》2011,54(2):407-414

中国东北地区处于古亚洲洋和滨太平洋构造域叠合部位,地质构造极其复杂.利用东北及华北地区部分台网所接收的近震及远震走时资料获得东北地区地壳与上地幔三维P波速度结构,成像分辨率在80 km左右.成像结果表明东北地区地壳与上地幔具有较强的横向不均匀性.P波速度异常走向大体呈北东向,与该区地表构造走向一致.5 km深度的速度异...  相似文献